[*1]
| Matter of Donovan v Hauben |
| 2012 NY Slip Op 50793(U) [35 Misc 3d 1220(A)] |
| Decided on April 16, 2012 |
| Supreme Court, New York County |
| Ling-Cohan, J. |
| Published by New York State Law Reporting Bureau
pursuant to Judiciary Law § 431. |
| As corrected in part through May 7, 2012; it will not
be published in the printed Official Reports. |
Supreme Court, New York County
In the Matter of the
Application of Margaret L. Donovan The Twin Towers Alliance, Petitioner,
against
Judge Warren P. Hauben Chief Administrative Law Judge NYC Tax
Appeals Tribunal, Respondent.
|
111865/2011
Pro Se Plaintiff:
Margaret Donovan
Defendant:
Corporation Counsel
100 Church Street, 4th Floor
New York, New York 10007
Doris Ling-Cohan, J.
Petitioner, acting pro se, brings this Article 78 petition after respondent
Warren P. Hauben, Chief Administrative Law Judge and the FOIL Appeals Officer of the New
York City Tax Appeals Tribunal (Tax Appeals Tribunal), denied her Freedom of Information
Law (FOIL) request.[FN1]
Respondent moves, pursuant to CPLR 3211 (a) (7) and 7804 (f), for an order dismissing the
petition.
BACKGROUND AND FACTUAL
ALLEGATIONS
Petitioner is the co-founder and co-director of The Twin
Towers Alliance, an entity formed in 2006 "to advance the public interest at the World Trade
Center site." Petition, at 1. Petitioner claims that she is trying to uncover how the public is
allegedly being forced to pay for the building of the Freedom Tower. In 2009, petitioner sent a
FOIL request to the Port Authority seeking the "2001 Silverstein Leases and the 2006 Master
Development Agreement." Id. Apparently, petitioner did not receive this information.
For some inexplicable reason, petitioner did not bring any proceeding against the
Port [*2]Authority, to obtain such records. Instead, petitioner
brings this Article 78 proceeding against respondent Tax Appeals Tribunal, as explained below.
Petitioner read a 2009 determination issued from the Tax Appeals Tribunal in which
the information she sought was part of that determination and attached as exhibits. According to
respondent, this 2009 determination concerned the tax returns and petitions filed by World Trade
Center LLCs 1, 2, 3 and 4 (WTC entities). These petitions "protested the Commissioner of
Finance's assertion of deficiencies of Commercial Rent Tax against the Petitioners." Petitioner's
Exhibit 1, at 1. The documents submitted by the WTC entities included leases and other
supporting materials which the Tax Appeals Tribunal deemed necessary to determine whether the
WTC entities were paying the correct amount of Commercial Rent Tax owed to the City of New
York.
On May 16, 2011, petitioner submitted a FOIL request to the Tax Appeals Tribunal
seeking the documents attached as exhibits to the 2009 determination, including the petition and
the leases. Petitioner was not a party to such original 2009 determination. Petitioner's request was
denied. On June 3, 2011, petitioner appealed this denial.
On June 13, 2011, respondent denied the appeal. In his letter to petitioner,
respondent explained how the Tax Appeals Tribunal is prohibited from distributing the materials
to petitioner under the tax secrecy provisions. The documents requested by petitioner relate to tax
returns which were submitted pursuant to the Commercial Rent Tax Law. According to
respondent, the law with respect to the Commercial Rent and Occupancy Tax is contained in
Chapter Seven of Title Eleven of the Administrative Code of the City of New York. Under the
tax secrecy provisions, contained in Administrative Code § 11-716 (a), the Tax Appeals
Tribunal is prohibited from divulging "any information relating to the business of a taxpayer
contained in any return required under [Chapter Seven]."
Respondent also cited to New York Public Officers Law § 87 (2) (a), which
allows agencies, such as the Tax Appeals Tribunal, to "deny access to records or portions thereof
that: (a) are specifically exempted from disclosure by state or federal statute." Section 11-716 of
the Administrative Code is deemed a State statute for purposes of New York Public Officers Law
§ 87. See Administrative Code § 11-716 (c).
Respondent acknowledged that, while petitioner sought materials other than tax
returns, the additional documentation she sought could not be disclosed since the documentation
was compiled by the WTC entity taxpayers in support of their returns.
In his determination, respondent cited to Matter of Tartan Oil Corporation v State
of New York Department of Taxation & Finance (239 AD2d 36 [3d Dept 1998]), in which
the petitioner's FOIL request was denied. In Matter of Tartan Oil Corporation, supra, the
petitioner Tartan Oil Corporation's ("Tartan"), a landlord and gasoline distributor, was seeking
records concerning two tax audits of its commercial tenant and gasoline retailer; petitioner
Tartan's FOIL request included documents, files, hearing transcripts, and purchase invoices,
among other things. The respondent Record Appeals Officer denied the request, citing New York
Public Officers Law § [*3]87 (2) (a), and Tax Law §
1146 (a).[FN2] Tartan then
commenced an Article 78 proceeding, in which it claimed that "inasmuch as the statute relates
solely to returns and reports, it does not preclude the disclosure of the records it sought."
Id. at 38. The Appellate Division, Third Department, has stated that while Tartan's literal
reading of the statutory language is correct, "a statute must be read in a manner which furthers its
object, spirit and purpose." Id. The Court continued that a literal view of the statutory
language would defeat the purpose of the tax secrecy statute. It concluded, "[c]learly this purpose
would be thwarted if materials and records compiled by taxpayers in support of their returns and
reports were subject to disclosure to those who are not statutorily deemed to have a legitimate
interest in such information." Id. at 38-39. The Court concluded that the records sought
by Tartan were included in the interpretation of Tax Law § 1146 (a), and that the respondent
correctly denied the FOIL request.
In the present situation, after receiving respondent's determination, petitioner
requested an advisory opinion on the matter from the Committee on Open Government
(Committee). The Committee, who forwarded its opinion to the Tax Appeals Tribunal, as well as
to three other agencies, did not believe Matter of Tartan Oil Corporation was applicable,
since, among other reasons, the contracts/leases that were requested were between private entities
and public ones such as the Port Authority. The Tax Appeals Tribunal responded to the opinion
by reiterating the fact that the Tax Appeals Tribunal "is subject to tax secrecy provisions ... which
strictly limit the information and documents that the Tribunal may release to the public."
Petitioner's Exhibit 7, at 2. The Tax Appeals Tribunal also explained that any of its members
would be subject to dismissal and criminal penalties if they divulged information relating to the
business of a taxpayer.
Petitioner then commenced this Article 78 proceeding. Petitioner argues that
respondent improperly denied her request since she was seeking "contracts that belong in the
public domain and represent billions of public dollars." Petition, at 4. She continues that the tax
secrecy provisions do not apply to her request, nor is the decision in Matter of Tartan Oil
Corporation applicable to the present situation. She also claims that "[p]ublic documents are
not magically transformed into private documents merely by inserting them into a hearing before
an Administrative Law Judge." Id. Petitioner concludes that the respondent should follow
the advice of the Committee.
Respondent contends that he properly denied petitioner's FOIL request pursuant to
the tax secrecy provisions, which were established to "encourage a full and frank disclosure of
the tax status of a particular entity." Davidson Affirmation, ¶ 21. These materials, after
being submitted to the Tax Appeals Tribunal, are protected from being released to the public.
Moreover, respondent argues that whether or not the documents are with another agency, such as
the Port [*4]Authority, or whether they were at some point public
information is irrelevant, given that, "[a]t the Tax Appeals Tribunal, which is where the FOIL
request was made, the documents were never made public." Davidson Reply Affirmation, ¶
4.
DISCUSSION
In the context of an Article 78 proceeding, courts have held that "a reviewing court is
not entitled to interfere in the exercise of discretion by an administrative agency unless there is
no rational basis for the exercise, or the action complained of is arbitrary and capricious."
Matter of Soho Alliance v New York State Liquor Authority, 32 AD3d 363, 363 (1st
Dept 2006), citing Matter of Pell v Board of Educ. of Union Free School Dist. No. 1 of
Towns of Scarsdale and Mamaroneck, Westchester County, 34 NY2d 222 (1974);
see CPLR 7803 (3). An agency's decision is considered arbitrary if it is "without sound
basis in reason and is generally taken without regard to the facts." Matter of Pell v Board of
Educ. of Union Free School Dist. No. 1 of Towns of Scarsdale and Mamaroneck, Westchester
County, 34 NY2d at 231. "It is well settled that a court may not substitute its judgment for
that of the board or body it reviews unless the decision under review is arbitrary and
unreasonable and constitutes an abuse of discretion [internal quotation marks and citations
omitted]." Matter of Arrocha v Board of Education of City of New York, 93 NY2d 361,
363 (1999).
Administrative Code § 11-716 and Matter of Tartan Oil Corporation:
Petitioner argues that respondent improperly determined that the tax secrecy
provision applied to her FOIL request. Petitioner believes that the contracts/leases that were a
part of a 2009 determination are not private tax returns and have, in some way, been available to
the public for years before being submitted to the Tax Appeals Tribunal. She does not explain
why she did not pursue any other available remedies such as following-up on her alleged FOIL
request made to the Port Authority.
As explained by respondent, the Tax Appeals Tribunal relied on Administrative
Code § 11-716 and New York Public Officers Law § 87 when issuing its
determination to deny petitioner's FOIL request. The records sought by petitioner included
documents used by the Tax Appeals Tribunal to determine whether the WTC entities were
paying an accurate amount of Commercial Rent Tax. As previously explained, Administrative
Code § 11-716 prohibits the Tax Appeals Tribunal from divulging any information relating
to the business of a taxpayer from a return subject to Chapter Seven. As such, providing these
records to the public, such as petitioner who was not even a party with respect to the 2009
determination, would impair the confidentiality and privacy of litigants who appear before the
Tax Appeals Tribunal.
Matter of Tartan Oil Corporation,contrary to petitioner's belief, is controlling
in this situation. The Appellate Division, First Department, has not spoken on the issue. As such,
the "doctrine of stare decisis requires trial courts in this department to follow precedents
set by the Appellate Division of another department until the Court of Appeals or this court
pronounces a contrary rule." Mountain View Coach Lines v Storms, 102 AD2d 663, 664
(2d Dept 1984).
In Matter of Tartan Oil Corporation, the petitioner, similar to the present
situation, sought hearing exhibits which were part of a tax audit. The Court concluded that, not
only tax returns, but all materials compiled by taxpayers in support of their returns, are shielded
from public disclosure. Such court made no distinction based on whether the records requested
were between private or public entities, as argued by petitioner.
[*5]
Likewise, here, petitioner cannot rely on the
Committee's advisory opinion as a basis for why this court should disturb the findings of the Tax
Appeals Tribunal. As respondent correctly maintains, advisory opinions issued by the Committee
are not binding authority. See Matter of TJS of New York, Inc. v New York State Department
of Taxation & Finance, 89 AD3d 239, footnote 1 (3d Dept 2011).
Moreover, contrary to petitioner's argument, King v. Dillon, an unreported
Nassau County Supreme Court case (November 30, 1984), is not controlling herein. While
neither side has submitted a copy of such decision to this court, based upon the parties'
submissions and arguments, it appears that the facts of King v. Dillon are distinguishable,
in that, unlike in this case, the documents at issue there involved minutes of public meetings,
which were otherwise available to the public, prior to being in the possession of the
District Attorney. Further, such decision was not rendered by an appellate court.
As set forth above, by applying relevant statutes and case law, respondent has
provided a reasonable and rational explanation for why it denied petitioner's FOIL request.
Accordingly, respondent's denial of petitioner's FOIL request will not be disturbed and the
petition is dismissed.
The court has considered petitioner's other contentions and finds them to be without
merit.
CONCLUSION
Accordingly, it is hereby
ORDERED that the respondent's motion is granted; and it is furtherORDERED and
ADJUDGED that the petition is denied and the proceeding is dismissed; and it is further
ORDERED that within 30 days of entry of this order, respondent shall serve a copy
upon petitioner, with notice of entry.
Dated: April 16, 2012
___________________Doris Ling-Cohan, J.S.C.
Footnotes
Footnote 1:Respondent notes that petitioner
mistakenly named him as respondent, when he was acting on behalf of the Tax Appeals Tribunal,
and that the Tax Appeals Tribunal, as the agency, is the appropriate respondent for this
proceeding.
Footnote 2: Tax Law § 1146 (a)
mirrors Administrative Code § 11-716.