Civil Court of the City of New York, Queens County, April 15, 2021

Queens Legal Services (Matthew Reichert of counsel) for petitioner.

Evey Baltrunas for Koufa Realty Corp. and others, respondents.

Helen Lai for New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development, respondent.

Petitioner filed this HP case seeking an order to correct violations pursuant to the New [*2]York City Housing Maintenance Code. The subject premises are located at 31-14 42nd Street, apartment No. 4, Astoria, New York 11103. The parties are represented by counsel and have appeared via Microsoft Teams video conferencing pursuant to the administrative orders in place during this COVID-19 pandemic.

After numerous conferences, including a stipulation addressing conditions and violations in need of repairs, petitioner moves by notice of motion seeking an order directing respondents to provide a "reasonable accommodation to the bathtub and bathroom commode located at the subject premises pursuant to the New York City Administrative Code § 8-107 (15)."^[FN1]

In summary, petitioner argues that the claw-foot bathtub in the apartment is an old-fashioned tub; that petitioner cannot easily use this tub and respondents must replace it.

It is undisputed that petitioner is a rent-controlled tenant and has resided in the apartment for close to 60 years. There is no dispute that petitioner has reached an age where daily activities take more time. Petitioner is 87 years old and states that getting in and out of the bathtub is not as simple as before. "She can only bathe herself when her neighbors, who have showers in their apartments, are kind enough to let petitioner use their showers." (Petitioner aff.)

The question is whether respondents are required to replace the existing claw-foot tub with a walk-in shower to accommodate petitioner's reduced mobility.

Petitioner states that the landlord was asked to provide this accommodation and she submitted a letter from her physician. Petitioner then filed a complaint with the New York City Commission on Human Rights (CCHR). After a pre-complaint investigation process, CCHR recommended a reasonable accommodation in the form of a bathtub that "has a cut-out on the side, or a walk-in shower." (Respondent cross mot, exhibit B.) CCHR, however, has not taken any action to enforce its recommendation. CCHR closed the case on June 6, 2020, as the "Accommodation [was] Provided." (Respondent exhibit B.)

The accommodation was not provided. Petitioner seeks an order from this court directing respondents to replace the claw-{**72 Misc 3d at 207}foot tub pursuant to Administrative Code of the City of New York § 8-107 (15).

Petitioner's Argument

This court has jurisdiction pursuant to New York City Civil Court Act § 110 to enforce the Housing Maintenance Code and therefore to direct the respondents to replace a claw-foot tub with a walk-in shower as a reasonable accommodation for petitioner's impaired mobility. Petitioner relies upon case law where the landlord was directed to provide a wheelchair ramp at the building entrance. (See Espino v New York City Hous. Auth. Patterson Houses, 60 Misc 3d 667 [2018].)

Respondents' Argument

Respondents cross-move for access to the subject premises to correct the violations or in the alternative to dismiss the case. Violations exist in the apartment and respondents state that petitioner refuses to grant access for other repairs until the claw-foot tub is replaced with a walk-in shower. Respondents argue that there are no violations of the Housing Maintenance Code or the Building Code to support the entry of an order directing the owner to replace the claw-foot tub with a walk-in shower.

Legal Discussion

The power of the Housing Court to issue an order pursuant to New York City Civil Court Act § 110 is broad and consistent with the objective found in the very language of the act. Section 110 (a) provides, the court shall hear matters "involving the enforcement of state and local laws for the establishment and maintenance of housing standards, including, but not limited to, the multiple dwelling law and the housing maintenance code, building code and health code of the administrative code of the city of New York."

Petitioner cites Espino v New York City Hous. Auth. in support of the argument that petitioner is entitled to an order directing respondents to replace the claw-foot tub with a walk-in shower in order to fulfil the mandates of the New York City Human Rights Law. In Espino v New York City Hous. Auth., the court specifically relied upon section 27-357 (d) of the 1968 Building Code of City of New York (Administrative Code of City of NY), which section provides that at minimum one primary entrance shall be accessible and usable by individuals who use wheelchairs.

Petitioner has not cited any provision of the Housing Maintenance Code, the Building Code, the Health Code, or the{**72 Misc 3d at 208} Multiple Dwelling Law to support her position. Absent such a provision, this court does not have any basis to issue such an order creating a reasonable accommodation.^[FN2] Issuing such an order would be directing changes to residential premises on an ad hoc basis. Respondents show that the accommodation sought by petitioner is possible, but that it is not mandated by the Housing Maintenance Code.

The court takes judicial notice of the New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development (DHPD) inspection report found on the DHPD website, www.nyc.gov/hpd. The inspection report confirms that conditions in the apartment are in violation of the Housing Maintenance Code; however, there are no violations regarding the bathtub. The relief sought by petitioner, the replacement of the claw-foot tub, does not correlate to violations or requirements of the Housing Maintenance Code or the Building Code.

The broad powers of the Housing Court do not include the power to make a declaratory judgment. Petitioner seeks an order that a condition or a disability faced by an occupant requires a modification or an alteration, and that is not provided for by the existing laws enforced [*4]pursuant to New York City Civil Court Act § 110.^[FN3]

The court is familiar with the case law referenced in petitioner's moving papers. Petitioner's motion does not support the request to have the court issue an order directing respondents to replace the claw-foot tub with a walk-in shower as a reasonable accommodation. The finding and recommendation from the agency do not constitute an administrative order.

Furthermore, the definition of a disability as discussed in Espino v New York City Hous. Auth. is connected to the mandates of the Building Code requiring that at least one primary building egress be accessible and usable by individuals who use wheelchairs.

The court's broad powers to enforce the various codes include the power to make a finding that a violation exists. Such a finding would need to correlate to a provision in the Housing Maintenance Code, the Building Code, the Multiple Dwelling Law, or the Health Code. (See Administrative Code of City of{**72 Misc 3d at 209} NY § 27-2066.) Petitioner, however, has not presented any evidence that the claw-foot tub constitutes a violation under applicable codes.

In conclusion, petitioner's motion for a reasonable accommodation directing respondents to replace the claw-foot tub with a walk-in shower must be denied.

Respondents' cross motion is also denied. The allegations regarding refusal to grant access were denied by petitioner with sufficient details.

The parties are directed to arrange access dates to correct the violations in the subject premises. All work shall follow COVID-19 safety protocols.

Upon default, petitioner may restore this case to the calendar for all appropriate relief.